Low-Carbon vs. High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel: How to Choose Based on Application Needs

Introduction

Martensitic stainless steels are known for their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance. But not all martensitic stainless steels are the same—carbon content plays a critical role in determining their properties and suitability for different applications.

DSM specialize in precision martensitic stainless steel strip, coil, and sheet. In this guide, we compare low-carbon vs. high-carbon martensitic stainless steels and help you choose the right material for your specific application.

1. The Role of Carbon in Martensitic Stainless Steel

Carbon is a key alloying element in martensitic grades, directly affecting:

• Hardness and wear resistance

Toughness and ductility

• Corrosion resistance

• Heat treatment response

In general:    

Low-carbon martensitic grades (e.g., 410, 420): Better toughness and weldability, lower hardness.

High-carbon martensitic grades (e.g., 1.4031, 5Cr15MoV): High hardness and edge retention, but more brittle and harder to machine or weld.

2. Performance Comparison

3. Application-Based Selection Guide

Choose Low-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel When:

• Moderate hardness is acceptable

• Toughness and formability are important

• Welding is required

• Cost is a concern

Typical Applications:

Industrial exhaust systems (410S)

Heat exchangers

Welded components

Machined parts with high machinability (420)

Choose High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel When:

• High hardness and wear resistance are critical

• Cutting edges or load-bearing surfaces are required

• Long-term mechanical performance is needed

Typical Applications:

Razor blades, surgical blades (1.4034 / X46Cr13)

Knives, scissors, and cutting tools (420, 440C)

High-precision springs

Ball bearings and valve parts