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| DESCRIPTION | TYPE 316 is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior to Type 304, or good elevated temperature strength. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers, jet engine parts, pharmaceutical and photographic equipment, valve and pump trim, chemical equipment, digesters, tanks, evaporators, pulp, paper and textile processing equipment, parts exposed to marine atmospheres and tubing. Type 316L is used extensively for weldments where its immunity to carbide precipitation due to welding assures optimum corrosion resistance. | ||||||||
| CHEMICAL COMPOSITION | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | MO | N |
| ≤0.03 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤0.10 | |
| APPLICATIONS | exhaust manifolds /furnace parts /heat exchangers /jet engine parts /pharmaceutical and photographic equipment /valve and pump trim /chemical equipment /digesters /tanks /evaporators /pulp /paper and textile processing equipment / parts exposed to marine atmospheres and tubing | ||||||||
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER COLD ROLLING AND FINAL ANNEALING | UST | 627 | |||||||
| YS | 290 | ||||||||
| Elongation | <55% | ||||||||
| Rockwell Hardness | < 79 B | ||||||||
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | Density, lbs./in.3 (g/cm3) | 0.29 (7.99) | N/A | ||||||
| Electrical Resistivity, µΩ•in. (µΩ•cm) 68 °F (20 °C) | 29.4 (74) | N/A | |||||||
| Thermal Conductivity, BTU/hr./ft./°F W/(m•K) 212 °F (100 °C) 932 °F (500 °C) | 9.4 (16.2) 12.4 (21.4) | N/A | |||||||
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, in./in./°F (µm/m/K) 32 – 212 °F (0 – 100 °C) 32 – 600 °F (0 – 315 °C) 32 – 1000 °F (0 – 538 °C) 32 – 1200 °F (0 – 649 °C) | 8.9 x 10-6 (16.0) 9.0 x 10-6 (16.2) 9.7 x 10-6 (17.5) 10.3 x 10-6 (18.5) | N/A | |||||||
| Modulus of Elasticity, ksi. (MPa) in tension in torsion | 28.0 x 103 (193 x 103) 11.2 x 103 (77 x 103) | N/A | |||||||
| Magnetic Permeability Annealed, (H/m at 200 Oersteds) | 1.02 max. | N/A | |||||||
| Specific Heat, BTU/lbs./°F (kJ/kg/K) 32 – 212 °F (0 – 100 °C) | 0.12 (0.50) | N/A | |||||||
| Melting Range, °F (°C) | 2500 – 2550 (1371 – 1399) | N/A | |||||||
| WELDING | The austenitic class of stainless steels is generally considered to be weldable by the common fusion and resistance techniques. Special consideration is required to avoid weld “hot cracking” by assuring formation of ferrite in the weld deposit. These particular alloys are generally considered to have poorer weldability than Types 304 and 304L. A major difference is the higher nickel content for these alloys which requires slower arc welding speed and more care to avoid hot cracking. When a weld filler is needed, AWS E/ER Type 316L and Type 16-8-2 are most often specified. | ||||||||
| FORMABILITY | Types 316 and 316L can be readily formed and drawn using the same methods as used with Type 301 and Type 304. Although the forming capability is very similar to Type 301, temperature variation will have less influence on material behavior. This product may become slightly magnetic when highly cold worked. | ||||||||
| COLD WORKING | Due to the higher nickel content, these grades work harden at a lower rate than Type 304. In the annealed condition, they exhibit excellent ductility and may be readily roll formed, deep drawn, and bent. Annealing is essential to restore ductility and to lower hardness for subsequent forming operations. Severely formed parts should be annealed to remove stresses. | ||||||||
| HEAT TREATMENT | Annealing: Heat to 1900 – 2100 °F (1038 – 1149 °C), then rapidly quench. | ||||||||
| CORROSION RESISTANCE | Types 316 and 316L exhibit improved chloride corrosion resistance when compared to Type 304 due to the molybdenum addition to the steel. This allows for acceptable corrosion protection to marine atmospheres when pitting corrosion is concern. They also provide good chemical resistance to most agents used in the paper, petroleum, food and dairy industries. They are useful in sulfuric acid environments up to 150 °F (60 °C) when concentrations are below 5%. They show excellent corrosion resistance to acetic, formic, phosphoric, and tartaric acids as well as some concentrations and temperatures of bromide and lodide solutions. When welding operations are used, the lower carbon Type 316L allows for reduced risk of intergranular corrosion caused by chromium carbide precipitation. | ||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | TYPE 316 is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior to Type 304, or good elevated temperature strength. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers, jet engine parts, pharmaceutical and photographic equipment, valve and pump trim, chemical equipment, digesters, tanks, evaporators, pulp, paper and textile processing equipment, parts exposed to marine atmospheres and tubing. Type 316L is used extensively for weldments where its immunity to carbide precipitation due to welding assures optimum corrosion resistance. | ||||||||
| CHEMICAL COMPOSITION | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | MO | N |
| ≤0.03 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | ≤0.10 | |
| APPLICATIONS | exhaust manifolds /furnace parts /heat exchangers /jet engine parts /pharmaceutical and photographic equipment /valve and pump trim /chemical equipment /digesters /tanks /evaporators /pulp /paper and textile processing equipment / parts exposed to marine atmospheres and tubing | ||||||||
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER COLD ROLLING AND FINAL ANNEALING | UST | 627 | |||||||
| YS | 290 | ||||||||
| Elongation | <55% | ||||||||
| Rockwell Hardness | < 79 B | ||||||||
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | Density, lbs./in.3 (g/cm3) | 0.29 (7.99) | N/A | ||||||
| Electrical Resistivity, µΩ•in. (µΩ•cm) 68 °F (20 °C) | 29.4 (74) | N/A | |||||||
| Thermal Conductivity, BTU/hr./ft./°F W/(m•K) 212 °F (100 °C) 932 °F (500 °C) | 9.4 (16.2) 12.4 (21.4) | N/A | |||||||
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, in./in./°F (µm/m/K) 32 – 212 °F (0 – 100 °C) 32 – 600 °F (0 – 315 °C) 32 – 1000 °F (0 – 538 °C) 32 – 1200 °F (0 – 649 °C) | 8.9 x 10-6 (16.0) 9.0 x 10-6 (16.2) 9.7 x 10-6 (17.5) 10.3 x 10-6 (18.5) | N/A | |||||||
| Modulus of Elasticity, ksi. (MPa) in tension in torsion | 28.0 x 103 (193 x 103) 11.2 x 103 (77 x 103) | N/A | |||||||
| Magnetic Permeability Annealed, (H/m at 200 Oersteds) | 1.02 max. | N/A | |||||||
| Specific Heat, BTU/lbs./°F (kJ/kg/K) 32 – 212 °F (0 – 100 °C) | 0.12 (0.50) | N/A | |||||||
| Melting Range, °F (°C) | 2500 – 2550 (1371 – 1399) | N/A | |||||||
| WELDING | The austenitic class of stainless steels is generally considered to be weldable by the common fusion and resistance techniques. Special consideration is required to avoid weld “hot cracking” by assuring formation of ferrite in the weld deposit. These particular alloys are generally considered to have poorer weldability than Types 304 and 304L. A major difference is the higher nickel content for these alloys which requires slower arc welding speed and more care to avoid hot cracking. When a weld filler is needed, AWS E/ER Type 316L and Type 16-8-2 are most often specified. | ||||||||
| FORMABILITY | Types 316 and 316L can be readily formed and drawn using the same methods as used with Type 301 and Type 304. Although the forming capability is very similar to Type 301, temperature variation will have less influence on material behavior. This product may become slightly magnetic when highly cold worked. | ||||||||
| COLD WORKING | Due to the higher nickel content, these grades work harden at a lower rate than Type 304. In the annealed condition, they exhibit excellent ductility and may be readily roll formed, deep drawn, and bent. Annealing is essential to restore ductility and to lower hardness for subsequent forming operations. Severely formed parts should be annealed to remove stresses. | ||||||||
| HEAT TREATMENT | Annealing: Heat to 1900 – 2100 °F (1038 – 1149 °C), then rapidly quench. | ||||||||
| CORROSION RESISTANCE | Types 316 and 316L exhibit improved chloride corrosion resistance when compared to Type 304 due to the molybdenum addition to the steel. This allows for acceptable corrosion protection to marine atmospheres when pitting corrosion is concern. They also provide good chemical resistance to most agents used in the paper, petroleum, food and dairy industries. They are useful in sulfuric acid environments up to 150 °F (60 °C) when concentrations are below 5%. They show excellent corrosion resistance to acetic, formic, phosphoric, and tartaric acids as well as some concentrations and temperatures of bromide and lodide solutions. When welding operations are used, the lower carbon Type 316L allows for reduced risk of intergranular corrosion caused by chromium carbide precipitation. | ||||||||
